Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Retired - No Longer Operational
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1980
Total Production : 4,000
Unitary Cost : USD $3.0 million

The M1 Abrams main battle tank was deployed in 1980. Its main armament was a 105mm gun with 55 rounds, with a coaxial 7.62mm machine gun and a commander's 12.7mm and a 7.62 machine guns on the turret's roof. The M1 Abrams carries 11,400 rounds of ammunition for its 7.62mm machine guns. The 12.7mm gun with 900 rounds of ammunition provides protection against airborne threats such as low-altitude, low-speed aircraft and helicopters. In late 1990s the US Army had converted more than 948 M1 to the M1A2 configuration. Eventually, the basic M1 tanks were upgraded to the M1A2 standard or retired from active duty.

Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Active
Also Known As : M1A1 AIM, M1A1 SA, M1A1M (improved version)
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1985
Total Production : 5,838
Unitary Cost : USD $8.0 million

The M1A1 Abrams is an improved follow-on version of the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The A1 configuration features an M256 120mm smooth bore gun with 40 rounds, two M240 7.62mm machine guns and a roof-mounted M2 12.7mm machine gun which provides a short range air defense capability against helicopters and low-altitude flying aircraft. The first M1A1 was fielded within the US Army in 1985. This model retains the high mobility and increases firepower compared to previous M1 tank. The M1A1 was deployed in the Persian Gulf during operation Desert Shield in 1990. During operation Desert Storm, in 1991, the Abrams M1A1 demonstrated its capabilities destroying Iraqi armored vehicles, specially its soviet counterpart the T-72, while moving through its advanced targeting and fire control system. The M1A1 has been sold to Australia (M1A1 AIM), Egypt (M1A1), Iraq (M1A1 SA) and the Philippines.

The US Marine Corps awarded Raytheon a $32.5 million contract, with a total estimated value of $65 million with all options exercised, for the M1A1 tank Firepower Enhancement Program (FEP) on February 2, 2005. The contract included sensor kits and spares to be delivered to the US Marine Corps by July 2007. The FEP enhanced M1A1 Abrams were expected to reach IOC by 2006. Eventually, the entire USMC's M1A1 fleet (400+) could receive the FEP upgrade before October 2009. FEP focuses on improving accuracy at 24/7 all-weather conditions and the tank's engagement capability at extended ranges. Basically, FEP consists of Far Target Location (FTL) sensor and a second generation thermal sight which is an upgrade to the current M1A1 sight system. FTL sensor will enable USMC M1A1s to effectively warfighting beyond 2018. The same sensor was envisaged to be integrated into the USMC LAV-25s.

Under the Abrams Integrated Management (AIM) program the M1A1 Abrams tanks were completely disassembled and overhauled to a like-new, zero-mile condition. M1A1 AIM feature lower operational and support costs and report higher operational readiness rates. The improved M1A1 AIM provide the tank's crew with enhanced situational awareness and increased accuracy of the tank's commander .50 gun through a mission-critical technology package. The package includes: second-generation Forward-Looking Infrared, Far Target Locate, Blue Force Tracking (BFT)/Force Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2), a tank-infantry phone, a .50 caliber thermal sight, a power distribution box, a rear slave receptacle, an eye-safe laser rangefinder, and driver's vision enhancement. The US Army awarded the first production contract of the improved M1A1 AIM tank to General Dynamics Land Systems in August 2006. The contract was valued at $108 million for the refurbishment of 155 M1A1 tanks. Deliveries to the US Army were expected to begin in July 2007.

The General Dynamics M1A1/M1A2 Tank Urban Survivability Kit (TUSK) consists of Loader's Armor Gun Shield (LAGS), a Tank Infantry Phone (TIP), Abrams Reactive Armor Tiles (ARAT), a Remote Thermal Sight (RTS) and a Power Distribution Box (PDB). This add-on crew enhanced survivability kit was ordered by the US Army for the first time in late August 2006 as a rapid response to the threat posed by insurgents to heavyweight tanks in Iraq. The order was valued at $45 million for production and installation of 505 tank kits. On 12 December 2006, the US Army awarded General Dynamics Land Systems a new contract worth $11 million for the supply of 250 TUSK kits for the M1A1 and M1A2 Abrams main battle tanks.

The M1A1 Situational Awareness (SA) is a US Army version featuring several improvements such as the Gunner Primary Sight (GPS) 2nd generation FLIR and the Stabilized Commander's Weapon Station (SCWS). Other improvements are the Blue Force Tracking (BFT) command and control (C2) system, Total InteGrated Engine Revitalization (TIGER) affecting the engine and transmission, and improved armor at the frontal and turret side sections. The US Army upgraded all its M1A1 Abrams tanks to the M1A1 SA standard.

Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Active
Also Known As : M1A2K, M1A2S (Upgraded Saudi variant), M1A2T
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1998
Total Production : 863
Unitary Cost : USD $4.0 million

The M1A2 Abrams main battle tank features a M256 120mm smooth bore gun 42 rounds, two M240 7.62mm machine guns and a M2 12.7mm machine gun which provides a short range air defense capability against helicopters and low flying aircraft. The first M1A2 was fielded within the US Army in 1996. The US Army M1A2s are remanufactured and upgraded M1 Abrams main battle tanks. This model retains mobility and increases firepower compared to previous M1 tank. The M1A2 provides the Abrams with improvements in lethality, survivability, and fightability required to defeat advanced threats. The A2 includes a commander's independent thermal viewer (CITV), an improved weapon station, fire control system, and increased armor. The US Army has a requirement to upgrade older M1 to the M1A2 configuration. The first US Army M1A2-equipped unit was ready for the active duty in 1998. The M1A2 was exported to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The US Army's M1A2s were upgraded to the SEP v2 standard and the Saudi Arabia's tanks are being upgraded to the M1A2S standard.

The General Dynamics M1A1/M1A2 Tank Urban Survivability Kit (TUSK) consists of Loader's Armor Gun Shield (LAGS), a Tank Infantry Phone (TIP), Abrams Reactive Armor Tiles (ARAT), a Remote Thermal Sight (RTS) and a Power Distribution Box (PDB). This add-on crew enhanced survivability kit was ordered by the US Army for the first time in late August 2006 as a rapid response to the threat posed by insurgents to heavyweight tanks in Iraq. The order was valued at $45 million for production and installation of 505 tank kits.

Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Active
Also Known As : M1A2 Abrams SEP v2 (Version two configuration), M1A2 SEP, M1A2 SEPv2, M1A2B
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2001
Total Production : ?
Unitary Cost : USD $8.5 million

The M1A2 Abrams main battle tank features a M256 120mm smooth bore gun with 42 rounds, two M240 7.62mm machine guns and a M2 12.7mm crew-served machine gun which provides a short range air defense capability against helicopters and low flying aircraft. The first M1A2 was fielded within the US Army in 1996. US Army M1A2s are remanufactured and upgraded existing M1 Abrams main battle tanks. This model retains mobility and increases firepower compared to previous M1 tank. The M1A2 provides the Abrams with improvements in lethality, survivability, and fightability required to defeat advanced threats. The A2 includes a commander's independent thermal viewer (CITV), an improved weapon station, fire control system, and increased armor. The M1A2 Abrams SEP (System Enhancement Program) features enhanced digital command and control (C2) capabilities allowing the Abrams to use the US Army common command and control software enabling the rapid transfer of digital situational data and map overlays. In addition, a second generation FLIR is provided to gunner and commander, as well as a new auxiliary power unit under armor.

The M1A2 Abrams SEP v2 (M1A2SEPv2) standard includes the remotely operated Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station (CROWS II), enhanced microprocessors, color flat-panel displays, and a new operating system. Frontal and side armor were upgraded and the tank was fitted with the Total InteGrated Engine Revitalization (TIGER) affecting the engine and transmission. The US Army plans call for the production of approximately 2,000 M1A2 SEP v2 tanks by June 2014. The M1A1 SA and the M1A2 SEP v2 form the wide majority of the 6,000+ Abrams tanks operated by the US Army and the US Marine Corps.

Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Active
Also Known As : M1A2 SEPv3, M1A2C Abrams
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics Land Systems
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2021
Total Production : 325
Unitary Cost : USD $20.0 million

The M1A2C Abrams, formerly the M1A2 Abrams SEPv3, is a further evolution of the M1A2 SEPv2 tank featuring technological advancements in communications, reliability, sustainment and fuel efficiency, plus upgraded armor. The new version of the Abrams tank may feature the Trophy active protection system as well as remote weapon stations. In December 2017 the US Army ordered 435 M1A2 SEPv3 converted from M1A1 tanks to be delivered by 2020.The first SEPv3 tanks were delivered to the US Army in October 2017. Poland has a request for 250 tanks to be delivered beginning in 2022.

Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Cancelled
Also Known As : M1A2 Abrams SEPv4, M1A2 SEPv4, M1A3 Abrams
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics Land Systems
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2025
Total Production : ?
Development Cost : USD $395 million

The US Army's M1A2D Abrams Engineering Change Proposal 1 (ECP1) tank, formerly known as M1A3? or M1A2 Abrams SEP v4, is a new configuration of the Abrams tank intended to keep the fleet battle ready by 2050. The US Army TACOM awarded the eight-year $395 million ECP1 developmental contract to General Dynamics Land Systems in September 2012. Low rate initial production of tanks with ECP1 are scheduled to start in 2017. ECP1 will reengineer internal systems to reduce size, weight and power requirements, creating capacity for additional upgrades in the future. ECP1 also includes miniaturization of electronics, increased electrical capacity and inclusion of Line Replaceable Module (LRM)-based electronics architecture. The ECP1 Abrams tank will be fitted with counter-IED (Improvised Explosive Device) equipment and upgraded armor to increase its survivability. The US Army expects to start field trials with the new SEPv4 tank in 2021 to be fielded in 2023 or later.

The US Army cancelled the M1A2 SEPv4 variant in September 2023 due to the tank new variant weight being not suitable for the modern battlefield. The M1E3 engineering model is expected to take the improvements developed for the v4 variant.

Group : Main Battle Tanks
Status : Under Development
Also Known As : M1A3 Abrams
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : General Dynamics Land Systems
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2035
Total Production : ?

The US Army M1E3 is a new version of the Abrams tank featuring improvements from the cancelled M1A2 SEPv4 tank and new ones. The M1E3 is expected to be lighter than its predecessors while delivering higher combat capacity, making it suitable against threats in the 2040s and beyond. The M1E3 engineering model will lead to the M1A3 Abrams tank to achieve initial operational capability in the early 2030s. The M1E3 project was launched in September 2023 along the M1A2 Abrams tank cancellation.